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In 1469 a group of Franciscans fleeing the Turks in Bosnia arrived in Novo Mesto via Metlika, Bela Krajina, and in 1472 they built a monastery here. There was a fire in a monastery in 1664.
At the end of 15th Franciscans in Novo Mesto started collecting books in their library, which today comprises 20,000 units, of which 7000 units predate 1800 and are stored in the new part of the library, and alleged 6000 units of older material in the old part of the library.
The first known Franciscan librarian in Novo Mesto is mentioned between 1735 and 1736 Anton Kalan (Kallan, Khallan), former Ljubljana and after 1739 Novo Mesto guardian. From 1746 to 1870 the monks ran a grammar school (which proved to be important educational platform for some eminent Slovenes) and from 1878 to 1919 an elementary school.
It contains some 12,000 books, including numerous precious incunabula, manuscripts and archival records. The monastery also owns a number of oil paintings by Slovene baroque painter Valentin Metzinger, painted in 1726.
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